For Over Four Hundred Years, God had Remained Silent!
The Prophets of Israel had not heard from Yahweh for hundreds of years; the last revelation had been given to Malachi in the 5th Century BC, then silence.
There was to be a massive change that would be made, instead of giving words of advice and instruction to the Prophets, God was going to send the Word made flesh; God would send the Messiah to take on human form and bring the good news of the Kingdom to Israel!
While there may have been silence from Yahweh, a great deal was happening that would prepare the way for the First Advent. I have used the Schofield Reference Bible from my early days at Berachah Church in Houston, Texas. On page 984, there is a summary of the 400 years of silence which has always been very dear to me; I have copied it below:
- The experience of the captivity seems to have destroyed the Jews’ tendency to idolatry. Their problem during the captivity, when they were deprived of the Temple and priest, was to maintain the exalted spiritual and moral ideals given them by the older prophets. Afterward, during the intertestamentary period, the problem continued. Despite the revival of Temple and priesthood, the struggle became one of preserving the prophetic faith of the Jews in the midst of outward persecution and sordid divisions within.
- The external means to this end was the synagogue, an institution which formed no part of the Biblical order of national life and which did not develop as a separate entity until after the time of Malachi. Its origin is obscure, but its roots may go back to the captivity when the Jews, who were without the Temple and its rites, met on the Sabbath for prayer. Such meetings, which would give opportunity for the reading of Scripture, would require some order of procedure as well as some authority for the restraint of disorder. Whatever be its precise beginnings, the synagogue doubtless grew out of the necessities of the situation in which the Jews were placed during the closing centuries of the pre-Christian era. It served the vital purpose of maintaining familiarity with the inspired writings. Upon these the spiritual life of the true Israel (Rom. 9,6 note) was nourished.
- Also during this period there was created that mass of tradition, comment, and interpretation, known as Mishna, Gemara (forming the Talmud), Midrasim, and Kabbala, that was so superimposed upon the law that obedience was transferred from the law itself to the traditional interpretations.
- During this same period there arose the two great sects known in the Gospel narratives as Pharisees and Sadducees. (See Mt. 3,7 with notes.) The Herodians were a political party rather than a sect.
Among these people, the Jews, governed under Rome by an Idumean usurper, torn by bitter religious controversies, and maintaining an elaborate religious ritual, appeared Jesus, the Son of God, the Christ, and the Savior of the world.”
The world stage was being set by God for the massive change that was coming to mankind; the Pax Romana provided some stability while the Koine Greek provided a way to communicate.
God Breaks His Silence
The four Gospels tell the story of God’s visitation to his creation; the 400 years of silence were broken when the angel Gabriel spoke to Zachariah in the Temple:
8 One day Zechariah was serving as a priest before God because his priestly division was on duty. 9 Following the customs of priestly service, he was chosen by lottery to go into the Lord’s sanctuary and burn incense. 10 All the people who gathered to worship were praying outside during this hour of incense offering. 11 An angel from the Lord appeared to him, standing to the right of the altar of incense. 12 When Zechariah saw the angel, he was startled and overcome with fear.
13 The angel said, “Don’t be afraid, Zechariah. Your prayers have been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will give birth to your son and you must name him John. Luke 1:8-13
Six months later, the angel Gabriel appears to Mary:
“26 When Elizabeth was six months pregnant, God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a city in Galilee, 27 to a virgin who was engaged to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David’s house. The virgin’s name was Mary. 28 When the angel came to her, he said, “Rejoice, favored one! The Lord is with you!” 29 She was confused by these words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. 30 The angel said, “Don’t be afraid, Mary. God is honoring you. 31 Look! You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus. 32 He will be great and he will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of David his father. 33 He will rule over Jacob’s house forever, and there will be no end to his kingdom.”
34 Then Mary said to the angel, “How will this happen since I haven’t had sexual relations with a man?”
35 The angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come over you and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore, the one who is to be born will be holy. He will be called God’s Son. 36 Look, even in her old age, your relative Elizabeth has conceived a son. This woman who was labeled ‘unable to conceive’ is now six months pregnant. 37 Nothing is impossible for God.”
38 Then Mary said, “I am the Lord’s servant. Let it be with me just as you have said.” Then the angel left her.” Luke 1:26-38
Although this happened over 2,000 years ago, the impact of this change still reverberates around the world today! The First Advent concluded with the Holy Spirit coming, to replace the ministry of the Son, with a ministry that is still in full effect even now!
Individual Christians have become a Temple of God, the Holy Spirit! Now, instead of a structure, the Holy Spirit indwells born-again believers! Every believer is a Temple of the Holy Spirit in this Dispensation of Grace, the Church Age!
Observing the Incarnation of God, the Son, at the First Advent!
The time for joyful recognition of the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ will soon be here; this year, we observe the birth of the Lord on Monday, December 25, 2023. While no one knows the actual date of our Lord’s birth, the 25th of December is the day we observe and celebrate the event!
The fact the exact date is unknown is relatively inconsequential in comparison to the overpowering reality it happened at all! To think, the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, our Eternal Creator God, was willing to join his creation by being born of a virgin woman and taking on the mortal form of his creation is impossible to even imagine!
The Impact of Christmas!
The Lord Jesus Christ was born in a manger, that he might die on a cross for the sins of the world. His death opened the door to reconciliation with God by faith in Jesus Christ as Savior!
This opportunity has divided the world into two groups; those who have received Jesus Christ as Savior and been born again by the power of God, the Holy Spirit, and those who have rejected God’s offer of redemption and reconciliation through faith in Jesus Christ as Savior!
As a direct result of this choice, the world is divided into two groups; those spiritually alive and those spiritually dead. While the entire human race, born of a human father, is born spiritually dead; God has prepared a doorway to spiritual life by receiving Jesus Christ as Savior.
Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and you will be saved!
davidbowerkingwood 
Beautiful and informative. Thank you!
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By: Anonymous on December 23, 2023
at 6:36 am
The deeper I go into the reality of the birth of our Savior, the more amazing it becomes!
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By: davidbowerkingwood on December 23, 2023
at 7:33 am
Happy New Year. Hey Yea the God JeZeus, that Harry Potter pathetic forgery: That Protocols of the Elders of Zion Czar slander – new testament – counterfeit; that Av-tumah Reptilian – dead.
Just like the false prophet Muhammad – together with Allah. Goyim rejoice: Happy Joyous New Year! Hail Deicide! You no longer have to waste your time praying to dead Gods.
Happy New Year, free at last, Free at last. LOL. These latest new Gods, gone the way of the Gods of Mt. Olympus, & Ceasar’s pantheon of Gods. Drinks on the House! לחיים. Freedom! Now that these new Gods – dead – Abracadabra!! Poof. Both Heaven and Hell cease to exist, like a rabbit pulled out of a hat.
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By: mosckerr on January 1, 2024
at 12:45 am
Hello Mossckerr,
3 There was a man named Nicodemus, a Jewish religious leader who was a Pharisee. 2 After dark one evening, he came to speak with Jesus. “Rabbi,” he said, “we all know that God has sent you to teach us. Your miraculous signs are evidence that God is with you.”
3 Jesus replied, “I tell you the truth, unless you are born again, you cannot see the Kingdom of God.”
4 “What do you mean?” exclaimed Nicodemus. “How can an old man go back into his mother’s womb and be born again?”
5 Jesus replied, “I assure you, no one can enter the Kingdom of God without being born of water and the Spirit. 6 Humans can reproduce only human life, but the Holy Spirit gives birth to spiritual life. 7 So don’t be surprised when I say, ‘You must be born again.’ 8 The wind blows wherever it wants. Just as you can hear the wind but can’t tell where it comes from or where it is going, so you can’t explain how people are born of the Spirit.”
9 “How are these things possible?” Nicodemus asked.
10 Jesus replied, “You are a respected Jewish teacher, and yet you don’t understand these things? 11 I assure you, we tell you what we know and have seen, and yet you won’t believe our testimony. 12 But if you don’t believe me when I tell you about earthly things, how can you possibly believe if I tell you about heavenly things? 13 No one has ever gone to heaven and returned. But the Son of Man has come down from heaven. 14 And as Moses lifted up the bronze snake on a pole in the wilderness, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, 15 so that everyone who believes in him will have eternal life.
16 “For this is how God loved the world: He gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life. 17 God sent his Son into the world not to judge the world, but to save the world through him.
18 “There is no judgment against anyone who believes in him. But anyone who does not believe in him has already been judged for not believing in God’s one and only Son. 19 And the judgment is based on this fact: God’s light came into the world, but people loved the darkness more than the light, for their actions were evil. 20 All who do evil hate the light and refuse to go near it for fear their sins will be exposed. 21 But those who do what is right come to the light so others can see that they are doing what God wants.”
David
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 1, 2024
at 7:41 am
Howdy David
Post Shoah JeZeus as dead as the snake that crawled on its belly in the Garden of Eden.
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By: mosckerr on January 1, 2024
at 11:13 am
That is a dangerous position to hold, Mosckerr; tomorrow I am publishing an essay on Israel and its future and hope you will find it helpful. I’m praying that God will open your eyes to the truth; it is in God’s hands.
David
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 1, 2024
at 11:22 am
Truth means path. LOL Israeli common law the path known as “the Oral Torah”.
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By: mosckerr on January 1, 2024
at 11:23 am
6 Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 1, 2024
at 11:26 am
Mythology on par with Harry Potter and Sherlock Holmes.
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By: mosckerr on January 1, 2024
at 11:33 am
The Prophet Daniel had much to say about Israel’s future; I’m writing on a portion of his prophetic writings tomorrow. Let’s see what you think about it.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 1, 2024
at 11:37 am
LOL You confuse a prophet with a mystic. The silly worthless Xtian bible fails to validate that the T’NaCH organizes the Book of Daniel in the Holy Writings and NOT in the Books of the Prophets. LOL
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By: mosckerr on January 1, 2024
at 11:39 am
15 “So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination that causes desolation,’ spoken of through the prophet Daniel—let the reader understand— 16 then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 1, 2024
at 11:43 am
Confusing mysticism with prophets. Proof: How does the Torah define the term: Prophet?
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By: mosckerr on January 1, 2024
at 12:52 pm
1 In the beginning the Word already existed.
The Word was with God,
and the Word was God.
2 He existed in the beginning with God.
3 God created everything through him,
and nothing was created except through him.
4 The Word gave life to everything that was created,
and his life brought light to everyone.
5 The light shines in the darkness,
and the darkness can never extinguish it.
The Torah is the written word, the Lord Jesus Christ is the living Word of God. The living Word has testified that Daniel is a prophet.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 1, 2024
at 3:57 pm
Bad translation of בראשית as “In the beginning”. Bunk. The word בראשית contains ברית אש, ראש בית, ב’ ראשית. Translations suck eggs.
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By: mosckerr on January 1, 2024
at 4:43 pm
The verses cited are from John 1:1-5 and are a translation from the original Greek. The following is a copy of the original language.
1 Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.2 οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν.3 πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. ὃ γέγονεν4 ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων·5 καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει, καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν.
I believe translations can be of great value in distributing an important message where the language may otherwise be a barrier.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 2, 2024
at 7:30 am
Bunk on John, a name for either the client of a prostitute or a toilet. Jews – not Greek. The first commandment Sinai revelation of the Name … NOT A WORD. oOOPS and the word is God blah blah — NOT.
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By: mosckerr on January 2, 2024
at 10:01 am
Your times are in God’s hands; I wish you the very best!
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 2, 2024
at 11:28 am
Many Gods live, the new testament and koran Gods – dead.
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By: mosckerr on January 2, 2024
at 1:47 pm
You have your opinion, there may not be much time to wait to see if you’re right.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 2, 2024
at 4:15 pm
2000+ Xtians have preached their belief in the end of times. Ever hear the story of the boy who cried “Wolf”?
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By: mosckerr on January 3, 2024
at 8:53 am
3 Most importantly, I want to remind you that in the last days scoffers will come, mocking the truth and following their own desires. 4 They will say, “What happened to the promise that Jesus is coming again? From before the times of our ancestors, everything has remained the same since the world was first created.”
5 They deliberately forget that God made the heavens long ago by the word of his command, and he brought the earth out from the water and surrounded it with water. 6 Then he used the water to destroy the ancient world with a mighty flood. 7 And by the same word, the present heavens and earth have been stored up for fire. They are being kept for the day of judgment, when ungodly people will be destroyed.
8 But you must not forget this one thing, dear friends: A day is like a thousand years to the Lord, and a thousand years is like a day. 9 The Lord isn’t really being slow about his promise, as some people think. No, he is being patient for your sake. He does not want anyone to be destroyed, but wants everyone to repent. 10 But the day of the Lord will come as unexpectedly as a thief. Then the heavens will pass away with a terrible noise, and the very elements themselves will disappear in fire, and the earth and everything on it will be found to deserve judgment.
11 Since everything around us is going to be destroyed like this, what holy and godly lives you should live, 12 looking forward to the day of God and hurrying it along. On that day, he will set the heavens on fire, and the elements will melt away in the flames. 13 But we are looking forward to the new heavens and new earth he has promised, a world filled with God’s righteousness.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 3, 2024
at 11:12 am
Xtians have preached “the last days” for 2000+ years. LOL As an atheist praise G-d, any discussion about this or that God, above my pay grade. As a human being the subject “pretentiousness” claimed by any man that he knows or understands this or that God, utter and complete bull shit.
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 1:31 am
2 Once you were dead because of your disobedience and your many sins. 2 You used to live in sin, just like the rest of the world, obeying the devil—the commander of the powers in the unseen world. He is the spirit at work in the hearts of those who refuse to obey God. 3 All of us used to live that way, following the passionate desires and inclinations of our sinful nature. By our very nature we were subject to God’s anger, just like everyone else.
4 But God is so rich in mercy, and he loved us so much, 5 that even though we were dead because of our sins, he gave us life when he raised Christ from the dead. (It is only by God’s grace that you have been saved!) 6 For he raised us from the dead along with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms because we are united with Christ Jesus. 7 So God can point to us in all future ages as examples of the incredible wealth of his grace and kindness toward us, as shown in all he has done for us who are united with Christ Jesus.
8 God saved you by his grace when you believed. And you can’t take credit for this; it is a gift from God. 9 Salvation is not a reward for the good things we have done, so none of us can boast about it. 10 For we are God’s masterpiece. He has created us anew in Christ Jesus, so we can do the good things he planned for us long ago.
No Mosckerr, I do not understand God, but I trust him and pray you might receive the gift he offers to you.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 4, 2024
at 7:55 am
Dead Gods do not interest me.
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 8:45 am
You may have some very informative times ahead. I wish you well!
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 4, 2024
at 10:09 am
Live in Israel. 2000 Year old Xtian graffiti about the end of times. LOL
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 10:12 am
“The LORD bless you and keep you; the LORD make his face shine on you and be gracious to you; the LORD turn his face toward you and give you peace.”
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 4, 2024
at 10:24 am
Xtian golden calf avodah zarah ie translating the Spirit Name of the 1st Sinai commandment into a word: lord, allah etc etc etc, not interested in idolatry.
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 10:29 am
No, O people, the Lord has told you what is good,
and this is what he requires of you:
to do what is right, to love mercy,
and to walk humbly with your God.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 4, 2024
at 10:32 am
Counterfeit. Translating the Spirit Name to words like lord or allah etc etc etc = the Golden Calf. Brit does not correctly translate into covenant. LOL
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 10:38 am
חהִגִּ֥יד לְךָ֛ אָדָ֖ם מַה־טּ֑וֹב וּמָה־יְהֹוָ֞ה דּוֹרֵ֣שׁ מִמְּךָ֗ כִּ֣י
אִם־עֲשׂ֚וֹת מִשְׁפָּט֙ וְאַ֣הֲבַת חֶ֔סֶד וְהַצְנֵ֥עַ לֶ֖כֶת
עִם־אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ:
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 4, 2024
at 10:45 am
How does the Torah define the word: love. LOL The noise testament never defines this key term. Ya realize that’s bull shit. Like Obama’s “change”, he never defined that word that got him elected and re-elected to the White House!
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 1:36 pm
B/c the phoney baloony church never learned how to learn the T’NaCH they had to turn to the Greek language to define the term love. LOL what counterfeit losers. Agape has nothing, shares no common ground with the T’NaCH concept of love. LOL losers.
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 1:39 pm
New Testament description of love in an English translation.
13 If I could speak all the languages of earth and of angels, but didn’t love others, I would only be a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. 2 If I had the gift of prophecy, and if I understood all of God’s secret plans and possessed all knowledge, and if I had such faith that I could move mountains, but didn’t love others, I would be nothing. 3 If I gave everything I have to the poor and even sacrificed my body, I could boast about it;[a] but if I didn’t love others, I would have gained nothing.
4 Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5 or rude. It does not demand its own way. It is not irritable, and it keeps no record of being wronged. 6 It does not rejoice about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7 Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance.
8 Prophecy and speaking in unknown languages[b] and special knowledge will become useless. But love will last forever! 9 Now our knowledge is partial and incomplete, and even the gift of prophecy reveals only part of the whole picture! 10 But when the time of perfection comes, these partial things will become useless.
11 When I was a child, I spoke and thought and reasoned as a child. But when I grew up, I put away childish things. 12 Now we see things imperfectly, like puzzling reflections in a mirror, but then we will see everything with perfect clarity.[c] All that I know now is partial and incomplete, but then I will know everything completely, just as God now knows me completely.
13 Three things will last forever—faith, hope, and love—and the greatest of these is love. 1 Corinthians 13
Now the Greek original.
1 Ἐὰν ταῖς γλώσσαις τῶν ἀνθρώπων λαλῶ καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, γέγονα χαλκὸς ἠχῶν ἢ κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον.
2 καὶ ἐὰν ⸃ ἔχω προφητείαν καὶ εἰδῶ τὰ μυστήρια πάντα καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γνῶσιν, καὶ ἐὰν ⸅ ἔχω πᾶσαν τὴν πίστιν ὥστε ὄρη μεθιστάναι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐθέν εἰμι.
3 καὶ ἐὰν ⸃ ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν ⸅ παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου, ἵνα καυθήσομαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.
4 Ἡ ἀγάπη μακροθυμεῖ, χρηστεύεται ἡ ἀγάπη, οὐ ζηλοῖ ἡ ἀγάπη, οὐ περπερεύεται, οὐ φυσιοῦται,
5 οὐκ ἀσχημονεῖ, οὐ ζητεῖ τὰ ἑαυτῆς, οὐ παροξύνεται, οὐ λογίζεται τὸ κακόν,
6 οὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συγχαίρει δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ·
7 πάντα στέγει, πάντα πιστεύει, πάντα ἐλπίζει, πάντα ὑπομένει.
8 Ἡ ἀγάπη οὐδέποτε πίπτει. εἴτε δὲ προφητεῖαι, καταργηθήσονται · εἴτε γλῶσσαι, παύσονται · εἴτε γνῶσις, καταργηθήσεται.
9 ἐκ μέρους γὰρ γινώσκομεν καὶ ἐκ μέρους προφητεύομεν ·
10 ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ τὸ τέλειον, τὸ ἐκ μέρους καταργηθήσεται.
11 ὅτε ἤμην νήπιος, ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος, ἐφρόνουν ὡς νήπιος, ἐλογιζόμην ὡς νήπιος ⸃· ὅτε γέγονα ἀνήρ, κατήργηκα τὰ τοῦ νηπίου.
12 βλέπομεν γὰρ ἄρτι δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι, τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον · ἄρτι γινώσκω ἐκ μέρους, τότε δὲ ἐπιγνώσομαι καθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην.
13 νυνὶ δὲ μένει πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη · τὰ τρία ταῦτα, μείζων δὲ τούτων ἡ ἀγάπη.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 4, 2024
at 1:46 pm
Ya mean the Greek counterfeit. Torah its a common law, as opposed and contrasted by a Roman/Greek statute law. T’NaCH/Talmudic common law stands upon precedents. What middah/mitzva serves as the precedent which defines love? The mitzva from the Torah of k’iddushin. Goyim who are not under the law, do not know anything about the mitzva of kiddushin. Jewish halachic marriages require kiddushin. This mitzva stands upon the Torah precedent of the brit cut between the pieces.
What does a man have to acquire to achieve the mitzva of kiddushin? The man acquires the Nefesh O’lam Ha’bah soul of his wife. You cannot love that which you do not own. A wife acquired does not compare to a slave nor a prostitute. So how does a Jewish man acquire the soul of his wife? Soul the Torah defines as “children”; as in Avram had no children when he cut the brit between the pieces.
The mitzva of kiddushin a man acquires Title to the children which his wife bears in the future. Just as childless Avram cut a brit that while childless now his future born/O’lam Ha’bah seed would number the stars of the sky and the sands upon the sea-shore. Love defined as ownership. Hence a person who steals fences his stolen goods pennies on the dollar.
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 2:45 pm
A person does not love that which they do not own.
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 3:33 pm
That is not always true, this person loves many people and things he does not own. The love described in 1 Corinthians 13:4-7 is something one does; it is more like maintaining a charitable attitude toward others. I wish you well and hope no evil impacts your life.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 4, 2024
at 4:39 pm
By the Torah herein defines the definition of love. Do not steal. Why? A man does not love that which not part of his soul.
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By: mosckerr on January 5, 2024
at 3:12 am
לֹא־תִקֹּם וְלֹא־תִטֹּר אֶת־בְּנֵי עַמֶּךָ וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמֹוךָ אֲנִי יְהוָה׃ 18
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 5, 2024
at 12:10 pm
Cannot define a term by using that undefined term to define itself. The tumah commandment of taking revenge adjacent to love your neighbor as yourself. Ever hear of the feud known as the Hatfields vs. the MacCoys?
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By: mosckerr on January 6, 2024
at 3:49 pm
טעָקֹ֥ב הַלֵּ֛ב מִכֹּ֖ל וְאָנֻ֣שׁ ה֑וּא מִ֖י יֵדָעֶֽנּוּ:
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 6, 2024
at 6:12 pm
ירמיהו פרק יז פסוק ט
What point do you seek to make?
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By: mosckerr on January 6, 2024
at 6:30 pm
הוַנְּהִ֚י כַטָּמֵא֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וּכְבֶ֥גֶד עִדִּ֖ים כָּל־
צִדְקֹתֵ֑ינוּ וַנָּ֚בֶל כֶּֽעָלֶה֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וַֽעֲוֹנֵ֖נוּ כָּר֥וּחַ יִשָּׂאֻֽנוּ:
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 6, 2024
at 10:59 pm
Cherry picking verses from on Prophet to another teaches nothing. T’NaCH law — a common law legal system. Common law learns by means of logically comparing Case/Din to a similar Case/Din. T’NaCH common law learns mussar common law. You cannot learn a p’suk divorced from its sugya contexts.
Lets learn ירמיהו יז:ט within its sugya and then bring a בנין אב precedent whereby we can compare and measure its mussar. This p’suk contained within the larger sugya of יז:ז – י. This sugya addresses a type of Torah commandment known as זמן גרמא מצוה/time oriented commandment. Torah logic does not compare to Greek logic. Oral Torah logic compares Case/Mussar with Case/Mussar.
In this case a בנין אב\precedent, T’NaCH a common law legal system, ירמיה י:ו-טז.
To do a זמן גרמא מצוה requires the k’vanna/כוונה to do a mitzva לשמה. The new testament Roman forgery never once brings the שם השם as revealed in the opening commandment of the revelation of the Torah at Sinai.
Fear of heaven – the foundation upon which stand all זמן גרמא מצוות. The story of Yaacov sojourns with L’van describes the concept of זמן גרמא מצוות. How does a Man behave when confronted with a life and death crisis. The Wilderness generation failed to strengthen their hearts during times of rest and ease such that when confronted with a crisis they stand firm. Israel said to Moshe at the revelation of the Torah at Sinai – you go up and receive the rest of the 611 Torah commandments! Never such an event as 10 commandments. Torah speaks in the language of Man. The connection with the revelation of the Torah at Sinai directly linked to the 10 plagues whereby HaShem judged the Gods worshipped by Par’o and the Egyptians.
The Name of HaShem not framed as a matter of history. Xtianity worships a dead god because it requires a physical historical JeZeus.
Now compare your יז:ט p’suk of a deceitful heart based upon this precedent.
ישעיה סד:ה contained within the larger sugya/sub-chapter of סג:ז-סד:יא. Comparing Case/Din mussar with similar Case/Din mussar compares to seeing reality with two eyes rather than only one eye. Two eyes permit a man to see the world in 3 dimensions. One eye cannot view the world in 3 dimensions but only 2 dimensions.
An exact בנין אב precedent (knowledge how to find an exact “measure for measure” precedent qualifies as wisdom, known as Oral Torah. Oral Torah not taught to Goyim) ישעיה ז:ג-ח:ד. Time oriented commandments refer to times when a crisis of life or death confronts a Man. The Wilderness generation when confronted with invading a land of Giants rebelled. Their hearts lacked the fortitude and courage to stand before Giants despite Moshe taking them out of Egypt and Par’o!
This concept of אומץ לב the people of the Wilderness generation failed to develop just as did the Xtians during the war crimes of the Inquisition and Shoah likewise proved themselves as cowards.
Faith defined as the will to righteously pursue justice ie fair compensations of damages inflicted upon others. The avoda zarah theology of personal belief in this or that god has nothing to do with faith.
The model of Moshiach learns from Moshe Rabeinu NOT Shlomo HaMelech who worshipped avoda zarah! The mitzva of Moshiach a time oriented mitzva. The moshiach learns from Phinhas dedicated as the Moshiach of War in the war wages against Balak and Bil’am and Midian. The Moshiach conquers and builds a City of Refuge wherein he establishes a Small Sanhedrin common law Capital Crimes courtroom! The confusion where some rabbis teach that the Moshiach will build the 3rd Temple, just hogwash.
The last mitzva of Moshe Rabbeinu, he built three small Sanhedrin common law courtrooms in the 3 Cities of Refuge on the other side of the Jordan river.
The invasion of the empire of Assyria stopped at the walls of Jerusalem which housed the Great Sanhedrin lateral common law courtroom. Justice defines the אומץ לב – the faith of the Jewish people for all eternity.
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By: mosckerr on January 7, 2024
at 3:45 am
Xtian avoda zarah replacement theology seeks to replace the 2nd Sinai commandment with the theological nonsense known as “SIN”. Utter and complete bull shit.
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By: mosckerr on January 7, 2024
at 3:46 am
הוַיַּ֣רְא יְהֹוָ֔ה כִּ֥י רַבָּ֛ה רָעַ֥ת הָֽאָדָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ
וְכָל־יֵ֨צֶר֙ מַחְשְׁבֹ֣ת לִבּ֔וֹ רַ֥ק רַ֖ע כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם:
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 7, 2024
at 11:57 am
OK again you quote a p’suk taken completely out of context. Torah common law does not function like as does the Roman Gospels counterfeit.
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By: mosckerr on January 7, 2024
at 11:59 am
May God’s will be done in your life, Mosckerr.
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By: davidbowerkingwood on January 7, 2024
at 12:20 pm
Amen.
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By: mosckerr on January 8, 2024
at 12:16 am
Very informative times right now. Pie in the sky. Pie in your Eye theological belief systems compare to a bad case of loose Diarrhea full of stomach acids.
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By: mosckerr on January 4, 2024
at 10:28 am
On the re-establishment of the Torah as the Written Constitution of the Jewish Republic: A Letter to my Son-in-law. Which summarizes the sh’itta of how to correctly learn T’NaCH and Talmud by Rav Aaron Nemuraskii the talmid of Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv, a blessing upon their memories.
You’re a working rebbe. I hope to teach you how to write a commentary to the Talmud. The basis of how i model a worthy commentary, the Baali Tosafot criticism upon Rashi. A good commentary does not retell what the Gemara says. That’s where you’re currently holding. Rather it interprets the meaning/thought/k’vanna of the Gemara based upon inductive precedent based comparisons. This type of depth-analysis learning “ADDS” to the Gemara scholarship made by the Amoraim upon the Mishna; scholars today, so to speak, step in a time machine and live in the same time period as the Amoraim! How? The Talmud stands as the sealed masoret. All generations can make precedent based inductive reasoning, just as did the Amoraim because no generation of Man holds a monopoly upon logic. Rav Waldman, pointed this out to me when he showed me a Rashi learning on the Chumash, wherein Rashi declared the interpretation made by the Tanna Onkelos: as erroneous.
For me, this observation made by Rav Waldman, it opened my eyes. The famous Rashi/Tos dispute on the Gemarah of מגילה, (the case: Rav Ashi seals the Sha’s Bavli. Rashi comments, and says: from here we learn that its forbidden to employ the 13 middot of Rabbi Yishmael EXCEPT the kal v’homer: the last common law logic middah of Rabbi Yishmael. The Baali Tosafot reject the טיפש פשט reading of the language of Rashi’s chiddush on that Gemarah.
At a time, when i learned in a more basic/primary level baali t’shuva Yeshiva: Oir S’maach, prior to sitting with Rav Nemuraskii. Later, after I left that Yeshiva which turns out Black Hats and suits, I met the rabbi of Oir S’maach who taught me the Gemarah of מגילה on a Jerusalem city bus. There i pointed out to him, that the correct reading of the מחלקת ראשונים, that Rashi’s chiddush interpreted Rav Ashi’s sealing of the Gemarah and not the divorced comment of Rashi learned by itself/טיפש פשט as that rav instructed at Oir S’maach.
Once Rav Ashi sealed the Sha’s, all generations of Israel inherited the exact same Masoret. Hence Rashi’s chiddush did not suddenly dispute with the sh’itta of how all Tannaim and Amoraim learned the common law משנה תורה – the Talmud. Hence the criticism made by the Baali Tosafot upon Rashi’s chiddush, it criticized NOT Rashi, but the idiotic stupidity of learning Rashi divorced from the language of the Gemarah itself! This alternative reading of the Baali Tosafot, and how it learned the Rashi chiddush, it utterly shocked that rav. He said to me: Wow, according to you, I have erroneously learned the Talmud incorrectly my whole life. The bus reached his exit and he got up and left the bus.
My most critical rebuke to the Baali Tosafot, (both T’NaCH prophetic mussar & Talmud teach mussar), as stated to you on multiple occasions in our learning: those Baali Tosafot commentaries to the Talmud, they limit their משנה תורה inductive precedent based learning only to the Gemara upon which they comment upon, and failed to learn that Gemara sugya as a whole back to make a משנה תורה, precedent based scholarship strictly to re-interpret a Mishna based upon a similar משנה תורה learning on a specific Gemara sugya commentary. But fail, most specifically in their Gemarah commentaries to learn A) sugya integrity. B) re-interpret the language of the Home-base Mishna, based upon the inductive reason precedents of each and every Gemarah sugya commentary made upon that Home-based Mishna.
Cannot over emphasis this most critical mussar rebuke which my sh’itta of T’NaCH Talmudic scholarship denounces the Baali Tosafots common law commentary made upon the Talmud as a whole. This mussar rebuke does not limit itself to those grandchildren of Rashi, but to the whole “Class” of Reshonim commentaries made upon the Talmud as a whole. The Reshonim, bottom line, failed to lead our people out of g’lut and teach how to study Torah, NaCH and Aggadah לשמה משנה תורה inductive reasoning by comparing, middah כנגד middah Case Din law; regardless that Case Din law came from NaCH prophetic mussar which serves to interpret the k’vanna of the Chumash, or Case Din halachot which functions as precedents to make a depth analysis re-interpretation of how the Gemarah halachic portions make a משנה תורה upon the k’vanna of the language of the Mishna.
Accurate scholarship does NOT attempt a טיפש פשט: to tell me how to read “what” the gemara says. You might do this with your young beginner level pupils. But such first, or second grade Primary grade-level Rebbe to child scholarship, does not qualify as a university level, post BA graduate, master’s or doctorate level Talmudic scholarship.
Scholars of advanced maturity do not need a rebbe to hold their hands and read to them stories and books for their entertainment. They turn to their “professors” to teach them how to interpret the language employed by the Gemara to re-interpret the different language employed by its Home-Mishna; just as the language of the Mishna totally different that the language employed by the T’NaCH. This sh’itta of interpret/re-interpret defines the wisdom of משנה תורה Oral Torah logic and the revelation of the Torah at Sinai. Herein defines the summation of my sh’itta learned from Rav Nemuraskii of how to study T’NaCH/Talmudic/Midrashic literature.
The best example of the sh’itta of interpretation/re-interpretation: the difference between the Moshiach A) builds the 3rd Temple of Shlomo B) builds the small sanhedrin capital crimes common law courts in the 6 or more Cities of Refuge. A or B two completely different sets of languages.
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By: mosckerr on February 26, 2024
at 11:02 pm
Where can I find the exact quotes from Talmud in “The Eternal Jew” that supposedly instruct Jews to treat the Goyim differently and in a negative manner? I want to know if these quotes/passages are real or simply Nazi propaganda.
The Talmud day & night different from the statute law Reshonim halachic codes. Talmud for starters common law NOT statute law. If you do not know the difference between the two legal systems … hard to educate the ignorant. The precedent for “eternal people” the oath brit sworn between HaShem and Avram in Parshat לך לך. Any “real” Torah discussion talks through Primary Sources. לשון הרע speaks about Primary Sources. Rav Nemuraskii taught me this כלל early in my Talmudic education.
What’s the Hebrew for Common Law? Don’t know? Return to the difficulty of educating the ignorant. Rabbi Yechuda named his codification of the Sanhedrin Case/Din rulings based upon the 5th Book of דברים having the additional name of משנה תורה. This additional name for the Book of דברים the basis why Rabbi Yechuda named his common law 6 Orders of Mishnaot: “The Mishna”.
Common law stands on the foundation of learning by means of comparative precedents. What’s the Hebrew for precedents? Don’t know. Return to the difficulty of educating the ignorant. The Hebrew word for “precedent” – בנין אב. If you look in the korbanot section of the Siddur you will encounter the 13 middot of Rabbi Yishmael. Impossible to study Talmud without a kabbalah of how to understand the 13 middot of Rabbi Yishmael.
This kabbalah learns hand in glove with the פרדס logic system chiddush of Rabbi Akiva’s explanation of the Oral Torah revelation at Horev. But I digress from the question. The Brit (בראשית\ברית אש) between the pieces serves as the יסוד of the Torah oath brit faith. To swear a Torah oath requires the kabbalah of שם ומלכות. Ignoramuses falsely assume that their translations of שם ומלכות communicate this kabbalah יסודי of the entire Torah revelation at Sinai. Difficult to educate the ignorant.
Translating words from language to language – this error defines the essential “Sin of the Golden Calf” where Israel translated the שם השם to words. The שם השם רוח הקודש הוא. Impossible to translate the revelation of this Spirit Divine Presence Name to a word. Hence Abba Shaul in the Talmud teaches that if a person attempts to pronounce the שם השם by the rules of Hebrew grammar: guilty of חטאת קרת. Virtually in all cases that I have seen in the Talmud, the opinion of Abba Shaul prevails as the halacha.
This gets into the subject of מכות, but then again I digress. How many times does the Xtian bible or Muslim koran bring the שם השם? Never. Hence both bible and koran worship other Gods – the 2nd Sinai commandment.
The kabbalah of מלכות delves into the יסוד of the דאורייתא י’’ג מידדות revealed to Moshe at Horev 40 days after the Sin of the Golden Calf. Interesting, Rabbi Yishmael based his 13 middot דרבנן upon the 13 middot דאורייתא. The Shemone Esrei 3 + 13 + 3/תרי’’ג Six Yom Tov + 13 middot. The menorah shines 7 lights, add Shabbat. What differentiates, מאי נפקא מינא in Aramaic, מה הבדלה in Hebrew: between אל from רחום from חנון ect etc etc? Very hard to educate the ignorant.
The Yom Tov davvening validates that Israel, the chosen Cohen nation, (tefillah stands in the stead of korbanot). The dedication of korbanot – not a barbeque unto Heaven. The Shemone Esrei has a second name: Amidah. To swear a Torah oath a person can stand before an altar while the Cohen dedicates the korban, or that same person can stand before a Sefer Torah. The tohor time-oriented commandment of tefillah requires the basic k’vanna that a person intends to dedicate a Torah “middah” oath holy to HaShem.
The Torah has 54 Parshiot. 13 X 4 = 52. The remaining two Crowns of the Torah the responsibility of accepting the yoke of blessings and curses of the Torah ie קריא שמע. Hence this mitzva likewise said twice daily. Why daily? Because to swear a Torah oath requires tefillen. Rabbeinu Tam teaches that a Yid can say kre’a shma prior to the setting of the Sun and 3 stars shine in the Heavens. Saying kre’a shma prior to going to bed obeys how Rashi interprets the opening Gemara of ברכות.
Worlds separate talking through the Torah/tohor from talking about the Torah/tumah. The sworn oath by HaShem of Avram chosen Cohen seed numbering as the Stars of the Sky and the Sand upon the sea-shores, understood as the Jews as the eternal people. Jews have witnessed the rise and collapse of multiple and many great and powerful empires. Where’s the British empire? Oh my, the sun set on that empire. Where’s the 1000 year Reich? Where’s Stalin’s Soviet Union. Now the collapse of these mighty empires occurred just in the last Century alone.
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By: mosckerr on May 13, 2024
at 11:12 am
What is the difference between the Torah, Talmud, and Mishnah?
Marc Lipshitz Been involved in counter missionary work for 20+ years
First you need to understand what the Mishnah is. When Moshe received the Torah on Har Sinai he spent forty days and nights studying it and getting taught the performance and explanations of it. Thus when he came down he had two things- the written Torah and the explanations and details of its performance. The written Torah is what is also known as the “Chamishe Sifrei Torah”, commonly translated as “The Five Books of Moses”.
The explanations and details of performance were only passed on orally and are commonly referred to as the Oral Torah. Before the Bar Kochba revolt which resulted in the massive exile of the Jews 80 or so years after the destruction of the Second Temple Rabbi Akivah organized the oral law into a more organized and easier to teach format.
After the Bar Kochba revolt with the bulk of the Jews in exile in different places (the difference to the prior Babylonian exile was that there the bulk of the Jews were in one place, albeit outside of Israel) there was a fear that the oral Torah would be forgotten or altered, so Rebbi Yehudah HaNasi, the head of the Sanhedrin at the time, compiled the Oral Torah into the form we have today and we refer to this written compilation of the Oral Torah as the Mishnah.
However, there was discussion on its application, philosophy, ethics, what to do in different situations, the trying to grasp the essence of the law so it could be utilized in different, unenvisaged situations, the mysticism and the practical. These discussions were recorded in the Gemorah. This is how we get to the Talmud- it consists of two main parts- the Mishnah and then the associated Gemorah to that Mishnah.
In modern editions there are also multiple commentaries, footnotes, cross references to passages in the Torah, prophets and scriptures when they are mentioned etc. Typically it is published in 20 volumes- the ArtScroll translation is 73 volumes! It is not something that you just read but something that requires intense study and a teacher so you know how to study and understand the methodology utilized in the Talmud.
Moshe Kerr: No. Totally incorrect. Rabbi Yechuda named his Mishna based upon the בנין אב/precedent that Moshe Rabbeinu named דברים the Mishna Torah — which means common law. The Mishna codified by Rabbi Yechuda in 210 ce follows the משנה תורה common law model established by the Book of דברים. Common law legal system stand upon precedents. The Hebrew for precedent: בנין אב.
The Gemara, compiled by a later set of scholars AFTER Rabbi Yechuda “sealed” the Mishna, based upon the precedents of the sealing of the T’NaCH, caused Rav Ashi and Rav Ravina to seal the Gemara in about 450 ce. The purpose of sealing this Oral Torah methodology of common law, to prevent a perversion of the seal masoret/traditions from counterfeit imposters like the New Testament replacement theology to pervert the seal masoret/traditions unto tumah avoda zarah.
A second primary purpose of sealing the masoret/traditions: that all down stream generations of Israel inherit the identical masoret, thereby preventing an equal Av tumah avoda zarah commonly known as ירידות הדורות – understood that later generations cannot dispute the rulings made by earlier generations. This Av-tumah avoda zarah collapses when confronted with Oral Torah logic which validates that no one generation enjoys a monopoly of Torah logic over later generations.
The correct understanding of ירידות הדורות refers to the idea of “domino effect”.
Talmud, which means learning (Yeshivot fail to learn Talmud, when they study Gemara.), the Gemara brings halachic precedents from across the Sha’s Bavli as precedents. The purpose of the precedents, the Common Law Baali Tosafot commentary/criticism of Rashi p’shat on the Talmud, fundamentally erred and failed to learn a halachic precedent to re-interpret משנה תורה the k’vanna of the language of the Home Mishna which the Gemara brings outside precedent halachic sources to re-interpret the k’vanna of the language of Rabbi Yechuda’s specific Mishna.
This failure of Reshonim scholarship went across the board, some Reshonim better than others. The B’hag, Rif, Rosh common law halachic commentaries, like the Baali Tosafot – correctly learned and understood the Gemara commentary to a specific Mishna as Common law. Not so the super-commentaries written on these excellent Reshonim scholarship of Talmudic common law. The later scholars confused and perverted Talmudic common law unto Roman statute law. Students in Yeshivot across the world, never receive any instruction which differentiates between T’NaCH/Talmudic common law from Roman statute law. A most basic and fundamental error. Which has plagued g’lut Jewry down through the Ages.
In like manner, and equally as bad: the Reshonim scholars abysmally failed to discern (One and All, they failed to make the מאי נפקא מינא הבדלה with discerns “like from like” the basis which observance of all Torah and halachic mitzvot most fundamentally require. A most basic and fundamental error. Which has plagued Jewry down through the Ages. The Av/toldot relationship between tohor time-oriented from positive & negative toldot commandments.
Even Rashi’s common law commentary to the Chumash (as opposed by his טיפש פשט reading of the Talmud. Rashi changed his sh’itta of p’shat as learned from to Chumash and contrasted by his sh’itta of p’shat made upon the Talmud! Reshonim scholarship disgracefully failed to note this fundamental contradiction in Rashi scholarship. Proof that the Reshonim learning had derailed itself and gone off-track. Why? Because the Reshonim and later rabbinic lackeys failed to understand how the concept of ירידות הדורות refuted the Xtian avoda zarah known as “Free Will”.
A colossal error made by a great Jewish leader: be it King Shlomo who built an assimilated Catholic Cathedral or the Rambam who perverted Talmudic common law unto Roman statute law. Once a great sage/leader worships avoda zarah, (Shlomo perverted the priority of establishment of Federal Great/Small Sanhedrin courtrooms as the k’vanna of building the Beit HaMikdash), the Av tumah of this perversion which validates the 2nd Sinai Commandment, all down-stream generations likewise pursue this Av-tumah avoda zarah abomination, from generation to generation to generation! Hence the concept of ירידות הדורות invalidates the Xtian dogmatism of “Free Will”.
The Torah mitzva of Moshiach does not learn from a NaCH source. Torah mitzvot learn from Torah sources. Why? Because Moshe Rabbeinu, the greatest of all prophets. The failure of Reshonim scholarship to correctly grasp how the Chumash learns, proof of the cursed existence of g’lut Jewry who lacked the wisdom to do mitzvot לשמה.
The Torah operates upon a most basic: Av/Toldot relationship. The Book of בראשית, together with the tohor time-oriented commandments codification known as the Siddur, commands Av tohor time-oriented commandments. “Time” not tied to a watch, but rather to crisis situations which threaten the chosen Cohen people with Shoah; like Akadat Yitzak, or the mitzva to remove the sciatic nerve! The latter explained by targum Uziel. Esau approach “toast” Yaacov with an Army lead by 400 officers. NaCH precedents D’vorah and HaDassah whose רשות מצוה defines the k’vanna of תפילת ערבית according to rabbi Yehoshua. Av tohor time-oriented commandments learn from women that doing mitzvot with k’vanna — a רשות rather than a חיוב.
In the defence of the Reshonim: in the Gemara of ערבין the Baali Tosafot did not know how Rav Ashi could change the dispute between Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yose haGelili. According to the כלל, the halacha should follow the opinion of r. Akiva. The Baali Tosafot clearly did not have access to the Targum Uziel. Otherwise, they would have understood that Rav Ashi’s recognition that Uziel agreed with the opinion expressed by rabbi Yose haGelili and therefore changed the halacha expressed in that halachic dispute as recorded in the Gemara of ערובין.
Therefore, the First Book of the Torah serves as the אב טהור זימן גרמא מצוות. The second, third, and forth Books of the Torah serves as the תולדות מצוות; hence the B’hag ruled in his Hilchot G’dolot: that 100 blessings, nar shabbat, nar hannuka, kre’at m’gillah, etc qualify as mitzvot from the Torah!
The Rambam, whose Yad Chazaka perversion worshipped avoda zarah: understood as a) assimilation b) intermarriage with Goyim, as opposed to the Xtian abomination which erroneously translates avoda zarah as idolatry; the 30 year-war slaughtered as many as did WWI when western Europe’s population about 1/3rd of 20th Century Eupean populations, over a debate over the catholic cruxifics and worship of saints.
The Rambam abomination of avoda zarah assimilation to ancient Greek logic, that fool did not understand the kabbalah of how Rabbi Akiva’s פרדס interprets the k’vanna of the revelation of the Oral Torah at Horev. A most basic and fundamental error. Which has plagued Jewry down through the Ages.
The last and 5th Book of the Written Torah משנה תורה commands the generations to learn the Torah through the wisdom of common law ie Rabbi Yechuda and the Gemara sages as codified in the Talmud.
The gravity of ירידות הדורות avoda zara, this question fails to address the Midrashic scholarship which defines the contribution made by the Geonim. As a loom has a warp/weft relationship, the Talmud has halacha/aggadita relationship. Midrash functions as the Geonim scholarship which delved into the Aggadic portion of the Talmud. Yeshivot across the world do not know how to learn, not only Midrash as the primary source-commentary which links the דרוש-פשט with T’NaCH prophetic mussar; like as learns Rashi’s Chumash p’shat. As contrasted by the halachic Oral Torah logic of רמז-סוד. A most basic and fundamental error. Which has plagued Jewry down through the Ages.
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By: mosckerr on May 16, 2024
at 6:30 am